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Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
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Definition:
* BMT is a potentially curative treatment for various hematologic malignancies and disorders.
* It involves replacing diseased or nonfunctional bone marrow with healthy stem cells, enabling the patient to produce healthy blood cells.
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Applications:
* BMT is considered for a range of conditions, including:
* Acute leukemias
* Lymphomas
* Myeloma
* Aplastic anemia
* Sickle cell disease
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Types of BMT:
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Autologous BMT: Utilizes the patient's own stem cells collected prior to conditioning.
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Allogeneic BMT: Employs stem cells from a matched donor, offering a graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect in malignancies.
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BMT Process:
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Conditioning Regimen: High-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy eradicate residual malignant cells and immunosuppress the recipient to prepare for engraftment.
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Stem Cell Collection:
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Autologous: Bone marrow aspiration or peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) apheresis.
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Allogeneic: PBSC apheresis from a matched donor (HLA-matched sibling or unrelated donor registry).
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Stem Cell Infusion: Administered intravenously through a central venous catheter.
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Engraftment: Period where infused stem cells migrate to the bone marrow and begin producing new blood cells.
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Post-Transplant Care: Close monitoring for engraftment, infections, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
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Considerations:
* BMT is a complex procedure with significant potential for complications.
* Patient selection requires careful evaluation of disease status, comorbidities, and performance status.
* Supportive care plays a vital role throughout the transplant journey.
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Conclusion:
BMT remains a powerful therapeutic tool offering the potential for cure in various hematologic conditions. However, thorough patient selection, meticulous management, and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for successful outcomes.
🌐 Reference ➡️ Mayo Clinic
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