audience statistics UPSC NOTES & CURRENT AFFAIRS

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■ Alluri Sitharama Raju and Komaram Bheem □ About Alluri Sitharama Raju: ◇ Raju channelled the discontent of the hill people in Ganjam, Visakhapatnam, and Godavari into an effective guerrilla resistance against the British. ◇ Colonial rule threatened the tribals’ traditional podu (shifting) cultivation, as the government sought to secure forest lands. ◇ The Forest Act of 1882 banned the collection of minor forest produce such as roots and leaves, and tribal people were forced into labour by the colonial government. ◇ Strong anti-government sentiment, exploded into armed resistance in August 1922. ◇ The Rampa or Manyam Rebellion continued in the form of a guerrilla war until May 1924, when Raju, the charismatic ‘Manyam Veerudu’ or Hero of Jungle, was finally captured and executed.

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■ TRADE IN RUPEE ◇ RBI has permitted banks from 18 countries to open Special Vostro Rupee Accounts (SVRAs) to settle payments in rupees □ What is the Internationalisation of the Rupee ? ◇ It is a process of increasing rupee acceptance across the world for cross-border trading. ◇ Benefits: India will have to rely less on foreign currencies and holding foreign exchange reserves; Reduced Vulnerability to External Shocks and Currency Risks; Increasing bargaining power of Indian Enterprises. □ What is SVRA ? ◇ SVRA is an account that domestic banks hold for foreign banks in the former’s domestic currency, the rupee, which allows domestic banks to provide international banking services to their clients who have global banking needs without having to be physically present abroad. ◇ RBI had issued a framework for Trade settlement in Ruppe (in July 2022) through SVRA. ◇ Other initiatives for the Internationalization of Ruppee are: Cross border trading in Ruppe (e.g. Masal Bond); Currency swap agreements.

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■ Global Terrorism Index ◇ Context: The tenth Global Terrorism Index (GTI) report was published by Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) showing global trends and patterns in terrorism. □ Key findings ◇ Afghanistan remains the country most impacted by terrorism for the fourth consecutive year though violence has declined. ◇ The report excluded acts of state repression by the Taliban. ◇ South Asia remains the region with the worst average GTI score. ◇ Deadliest terrorist groups in the world in 2022: Islamic State (IS); Al-Shabaab; Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), and Jamaat Nusrat Al-Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM). ◇ Climate change is helping terrorist groups to raise funds, propagandize and recruit people ◇ India remained at 13th while Pakistan ranked 6th (more terror-prone).

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■ Global Terrorism Index ◇ Context: The tenth Global Terrorism Index (GTI) report was published by Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) showing global trends and patterns in terrorism. □ Key findings ◇ Afghanistan remains the country most impacted by terrorism for the fourth consecutive year though violence has declined. ◇ The report excluded acts of state repression by the Taliban. ◇ South Asia remains the region with the worst average GTI score. ◇ Deadliest terrorist groups in the world in 2022: Islamic State (IS); Al-Shabaab; Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), and Jamaat Nusrat Al-Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM). ◇ Climate change is helping terrorist groups to raise funds, propagandize and recruit people ◇ India remained at 13th while Pakistan ranked 6th (more terror-prone).

■ MATSYA-6000 India’s indigenous manned submersible ‘MATSYA-6000’ plunges into the bowels of the Indian Ocean. ◇ The Indian Government launched the Samudrayaan Mission in 2021 and MATSYA is the vehicle designed for this mission. ◇ MATSYA-6000 is a manned submersible vehicle developed indigenously. ◇ It is a 6000 m depth-rated Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). ◇ It was designed and develope by National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai under Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). ◇ The submersible can on-board a 3-person crew and dive deep at 6,000 metres. ◇ It has an endurance of 12 hours under normal operation and 96 hours in case of emergency for human safety.

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