все посты UPSC Environment Ecology Prelims National Parks

World Rhino Day

50 Years of CPCB The Central Pollution Control Board was established in the year 1974 under Water Act of 1974 & the Air Act of 1981. Its mission is to prevent, control and reduce water & air pollution nationwide.

🔘Syntretus Perlmani In News Researchers recently discovered a new species of parasitoid wasp named Syntretus perlmani that matures inside living adult fruit flies before bursting out, much like a scene from the Alien films. About It is a new species of parasitoid wasp. It is the first wasp found to infect adult fruit flies, a stark contrast to related wasp species that usually target the larvae and pupae stages of flies. These fruit fly invaders are considered parasitoids rather than parasites because they always kill their hosts unlike the latter, which generally leave them alive. Female S. perlmani wasps use a specialised organ called an ovipositor to inject eggs directly into the abdomen of adult fruit flies. Over the next 18 days, the eggs develop into wasp larvae, slowly growing inside the host until they eventually kill the fly by emerging out of its body. The research team found evidence of S. perlmani across the eastern United States, including Mississippi, Alabama, and North Carolina

Peatlands are a type of wetlands which are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth but when damaged are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.

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UPSC CSE - Mains 2024 GS2 Paper

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UPSC CSE - Mains 2024 GS1 Paper

UPSC CSE - Mains 2024 Essay Paper

🔘Onitis bordati In News Researchers have identified a previously unknown dung beetle species, Onitis bordati, in the Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary in Meghalaya. About Onitis bordati is a dung beetle species belonging to the genus Onitis. Males of most species have distinctive forelegs that are long, slender and curved, often with teeth or spines. The species belonging to the genus Onitis are tunnellers. Males of most species have distinctive forelegs that are long, slender and curved, often with teeth or spines. Dung beetle species were previously only found in Vietnam and Thailand. They are known for their ecological functions, such as seed dispersal, nutrient cycling, and pest control, and plant growth. Habitat destruction and climate change pose significant threats. Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary The Sanctuary falls in the Eastern Himalayan Global bio-diversity hot spot and located in the state of Meghalaya. The area consists of undulating plains to low hills, which are part of the Archaean Meghalaya Plateau. The area has become broken and rugged, especially towards the west and north, because of continuous erosion by the rivers Umtrew, Umran, Umling, Umtasor and other smaller streams. The Umtrew is the main river of the area and the rest named above are its tributaries. The Umtrew also marks the western boundary of the Reserve Forest and the Sanctuary.

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Light Pollution

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Species and Ecosystem Survival

Aboveground And Belowground Biodiversity

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🔘Onitis bordati In News Researchers have identified a previously unknown dung beetle species, Onitis bordati, in the Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary in Meghalaya. About Onitis bordati is a dung beetle species belonging to the genus Onitis. Males of most species have distinctive forelegs that are long, slender and curved, often with teeth or spines. The species belonging to the genus Onitis are tunnellers. Males of most species have distinctive forelegs that are long, slender and curved, often with teeth or spines. Dung beetle species were previously only found in Vietnam and Thailand. They are known for their ecological functions, such as seed dispersal, nutrient cycling, and pest control, and plant growth. Habitat destruction and climate change pose significant threats. Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary The Sanctuary falls in the Eastern Himalayan Global bio-diversity hot spot and located in the state of Meghalaya. The area consists of undulating plains to low hills, which are part of the Archaean Meghalaya Plateau. The area has become broken and rugged, especially towards the west and north, because of continuous erosion by the rivers Umtrew, Umran, Umling, Umtasor and other smaller streams. The Umtrew is the main river of the area and the rest named above are its tributaries. The Umtrew also marks the western boundary of the Reserve Forest and the Sanctuary.

Wetlands and Climate Change

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Natural Infrastructure for Water Management

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Wetlands and Climate Change

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🔘Ahaetulla Longirostris In News A new snake species with an unusually long snout, Ahaetulla Longirostris, has been discovered in India. About It is a new snake species with a remarkably long snout. The species, named the long-snouted vine snake (Ahaetulla Longirostris), was identified after two specimens were found in vastly different regions, Bihar in the eastern part of the country and Meghalaya in the northeastern region. It is notable for its slender, elongated body and striking colouration. These snakes can grow up to 4 feet in length and are typically bright green or orange-brown, with an orange belly. Their unique physical features, especially the long snout, distinguish them from other vine snakes. The species has been observed inhabiting not only forests but also human-dominated areas, such as cities and urban landscapes, showcasing their adaptability to various environments.

🔘Zebrafish In News Scientists discovered that a protein found in Zebrafish can regenerate aged discs in human vertebrae. About ◾️A study by Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology, discovered that a protein called Cellular communication network factor 2a (Ccn2a) secreted from intervertebral disc cells induces disc regeneration in aged degenerated discs in humans. ◾️Zebrafish is a small (2-3 cm long) freshwater fish found in tropical and subtropical regions. ◾️The fish is native to South Asia’s Indo-Gangetic plains, where they are mostly found in the paddy fields and even in stagnant water and streams. It attracts developmental biologists due to its adequate regeneration capacity of almost all its organs, including the brain, heart, eye, and spinal cord. ◾️It has a similar genetic structure (around 70%) to humans. ◾️IUCN Red List Status: Least concerned.

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Drought In Numbers In least-developed countries & low to middle-income countries, drought is still the single greatest cause of agricultural production loss.

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DHOLE

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Pollution

🔘Lithium and India In News India currently imports all the lithium it needs.(95% of it from China and Hong Kong) About ▪️India and Argentina have signed the first lithium exploration for 5 mines very recently Also very Important to note: ▪️On May 12, 2021, the Government approved the Rs. 18,100 crore Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Advance Chemistry Cell (ACC) battery manufacturing. ▪️The scheme aims to establish a 50 GWh ACC battery manufacturing setup and includes 5 GWh of niche ACC technologies. ▪️It offers subsidies based on per KWh production and value addition on actual sales. ▪️The PLI scheme aims to reduce import dependence of ACC batteries.

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Marine Protected Area

Wetlands In Detail

Wetlands and Climate Change

Peatlands are a type of wetlands which are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth but when damaged are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.

9 tigers from 9 different Indian folk art forms preserving 9 age-old ways of looking at and living with the tigers.

Biologic Carbon Sequestration

Millets

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Why Do Forest Matters?

Wetlands

Biologic Carbon Sequestration

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10 Soil Threats

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🔘Greater One Horned Rhino ▪️One Horned Rhino also known as Indian Rhino is a rhinoceros species native to the Indian subcontinent. ▪️The Habitat of this species is restricted to small habitats in Indo-Nepal terai and northern West Bengal and Assam. ▪️IUCN Red List: Vulnerable ▪️CITES: Appendix I ▪️Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I ▪️New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019: Under the declaration, India will collaborate with Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia, and Malaysia for conservation and protection of three Asian rhino species- ▪️Greater one-horned rhinoceros, ▪️Javan rhinoceros( listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List) and ▪️Sumatran rhinoceros (listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List).

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Soil and UN SDGs

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4 Different Ways To Measure Biodiversity

Wetlands

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Wetlands

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🔘Pallikaranai Marshland In News Tamil Nadu govt plans to build a high-level bridge to protect the Pallikaranai marshland. About ▪️Pallikaranai Marshland is a freshwater marsh and partly saline wetland situated about 20 kilometres south of the city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. ▪️It is one of the last remaining natural wetlands in Chennai city. ▪️It serves as an aquatic buffer of the flood-prone Chennai and Chengalpattu districts. ▪️It drains an area of 250 sq.km, encompassing 65 wetlands, through two outlets, viz., Okkiyam Madavu and the Kovalam Creek, and falls into the Bay of Bengal. ▪️On its eastern periphery, the Marsh is flanked by the Buckingham Canal. Parts of the Marsh are well below the mean sea level and qualify as low-lying basins. ▪️It is one of the Ramsar sites in India. ▪️The diverse ecosystem of the marshland supports some 115 bird species, ten mammals, 21 reptiles, ten amphibians, 46 fish, nine molluscs, five crustaceans, and seven butterfly species. ▪️These include notable species such as Russell’s viper(Daboia siamensis) and birds such as the glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), grey-headed lapwings (Vanellus cinereus), and Pheasant-tailed jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus). ▪️Although tropical in bio-climate, the influence of the Bay of Bengal has been significant on the Marsh. ▪️Dramatic changes in its hydrology and biodiversity witnessed annually may be attributed to the maritime influence and the vagaries of the North East Monsoon

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🇪🇺 NatureRestoration Law

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Types of Forest Cover

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