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India’s transport sector accounted for 14% of total energy-related CO2 emissions in 2020. 90% of these emissions came from road transport, with major contributors being: Two-wheelers: 16%, Cars: 25%, Buses: 9%, Freight LDVs: 8%, Freight HDVs: 45%.

Bangladesh is India’s largest trade partner in South Asia, with bilateral trade valued at $15.9 billion in FY 2022-23.

The CBI must show it is an uncaged parrot and that Caesar's wife should be above suspicion, implying that the agency must avoid even the implication of impropriety. "CBI must be seen above board and every effort must be made so that arrest is not in a high-handed manner. In a country, perception matters and CBI must dispel the notion of being a caged parrot and must show it is an uncaged parrot. CBI should be like Caesar's wife, above suspicion," Supreme court

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India’s Bio-Economy India ranks among the top 12 global biotech destinations and 3rd in the Asia-Pacific region. In 2024, its BioEconomy reached $130 billion, with a goal of $300 billion by 2030. The biotech sector includes Biopharmaceuticals, Bio Agriculture, Bio IT, and Bio Services. India is a leading producer of low-cost drugs, vaccines, and biosimilars. With 55% of its land dedicated to agriculture, India is a major player in Bt-Cotton and organic farming.

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 IMD operates around 800 automatic weather stations (AWS), 1,500 automatic rain gauges (ARG) and 37 doppler weather radars (DWR). This is against the total requirements of more than 3,00,000 ground stations (AWS/ARG) and around 70 DWRs. 

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151 sitting MPs and MLAs face cases of crimes against women, 16 charged with rape According to ADR report, there are 16 sitting MPs and MLAs who have declared cases related to rape under IPC section 376, which carries a minimum sentence of 10 years and can be extended to life imprisonment. Of these, 2 are MPs and 14 MLAs. Both BJP and Congress have 5 sitting lawmakers each facing rape charges. West Bengal tops the list with 25 sitting MPs and MLAs facing charges related to crimes against women, followed by Andhra Pradesh with 21 and Odisha with 17.

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India has 4,407 large dams, the third highest number in the world after China (23,841) and the USA (9,263). Maharashtra has the maximum number of large dams followed by Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

🔆India's Health Status: ✅Government Health Expenditure: 1.35% of GDP (41.41% of total health expenditure) (2019-20) ✅Out-of-Pocket Expenses (OOPE): 47.1% of total health expenditure (2019-20) ✅ Health Insurance Coverage:41% of households covered (NFHS-5) ✅ Total Fertility Rate (TFR): 2.0 (NFHS-5) ✅ Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): 35.2 (NFHS-5) ✅Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR): 24.9 (NFHS-5) ✅ Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): 97 per 100,000 live births (2018-20, Economic Survey 2022-23)

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India’s trade with BIMSTEC ✅India’s total trade with BIMSTEC countries amounted to $44.32 billion in 2023-24. ✅Thailand was India’s largest trading partner within the bloc, with exports worth $5.04 billion and imports at $9.91 billion, resulting in a trade gap of $4.87 billion. ✅Bangladesh followed, with exports of $11.06 billion and imports of $1.84 billion, creating a trade balance of $9.22 billion in India’s favor.

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Nearly 50% of women face domestic violence, and two out of three Dalit women face sexual violence in their lifetimes. Despite intimate partner violence, India has one of the lowest divorce rates in the world at 1%. Join @UPSC_FACTS

55% of the total health budget is spent through the National Health Mission. Out-of-pocket expenditure in the health sector reduced from 62% to 47.1%. JOIN @UPSC_FACTS

Annual electricity demand has been growing by 7-9% since the COVID-19 pandemic, exacerbated by climate change-induced weather extremes, leading to power outages.

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Agriculture is highly affected by climate change, impacting food security. In 2023-24, overall GDP grew by 8.2%, but agricultural GDP only grew by 1.4%, down from 4.7% the previous year, partly due to poor monsoon conditions from El Niño. Climate change is expected to cause more extreme weather, like uneven monsoons, floods, and droughts. The Economic Survey predicts wheat yields could drop by 19.3% by 2050 and 40% by 2080, worsening food insecurity and inflation JOIN @UPSC_FACTS         @Upsc_facts_hindi

ICRIER research shows India’s agricultural research intensity (ARI) has fallen from 0.75% in 2008-09 to 0.4%, lower than Brazil’s 1.8% and China’s 0.6%. JOIN @UPSC_FACTS         @Upsc_facts_hindi

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According to the CAG’s Performance Audit of Indian Railways, nearly three fourth of 217 train accidents across the country between 2017-18 and 2020-21 were caused by derailments

✅India: The Census 2011 estimate of 2.21% of India's population being disabled is vastly understated. ✅Global: According to the World Health Organization, approximately 16% of the global population is disabled. 🔸If that figure is extrapolated to India, it would imply at least 192 million disabled people. ✅Smartphone users: India had 750 million Internet/smartphone users in 2020. Using the 16% figure, this equates to approximately 120 million (12 crore) disabled Internet/smartphone users. ✅Report finding: A report that assesses the accessibility of 10 of the most popular apps in India across five sectors. Zomato, Swiggy, PayTM, PhonePe, Amazon, Flipkart, Uber, Ola, WhatsApp, and Telegram were among the apps. The accessibility of the apps was divided into three categories based on the quantity of violations: “high,” “medium,” and “low.” The report discovered that five of the 10 apps fell into the medium category, while four were rated low. #mains #social_issues Join @CSE_EXAM @UPSC_FACTS

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Forest Cover in the Country ✅The tree cover in India increased by 721 square kilometer during 2019 to 2021. ✅As per the latest India State of Forest Report (ISFR) published in 2021, the total forest cover of the country is 7,13,789 square kilometer which is 21.71% of the geographical area of the country. Economics survey

India has achieved record-breaking workforce growth with a 56% increase in the workers’ population ratio and a 57.9% rise in labour force participation for 2022-23.

Over 250 million people in India depend on forests for their livelihoods, including tribal communities.  

Status of Rooftop solar system in India: As of March 2024, India has 11.87 GW of installed rooftop solar capacity, with a 2.99 GW increase in 2023-2024. Gujarat and Maharashtra lead in rooftop solar installations, while residential sectors make up only 20% of the total. India’s potential for rooftop solar is about 796 GW, with 250 million households capable of installing up to 637 GW. Overall solar capacity reached 73.31 GW by December 2023, led by Rajasthan and Gujarat.

As per APEDA, India is the fifth largest maize producer, accounting for 2.59% of global production in 2020. Maize is the third most important cereal crop in India after rice and wheat. It accounts for around 10% of total food grain production in the country.

Impact of PDS on Household Food Consumption Diversity The Public Distribution System (PDS) provides subsidized foodgrains to eligible households, covering up to 75% of the rural and 50% of the urban populations under the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013. This subsidy allows households to save money on staples and allocate more resources to diverse foods like vegetables, milk, pulses, and meat, potentially enhancing their overall nutrition and dietary variety.

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In Japan, despite the provision of unpaid menstrual leave for painful menstruation, only about 1% of women in the workforce avail of this benefit. Many women are reluctant to use it due to fear of sexual harassment when disclosing their period status. This situation persists despite the policy being in place for over seven decades. Japan's gender equality ranking has declined, with women less likely to be employed and often paid less than men, reflecting ongoing disparities in workforce participation and gender pay equity. #Case_study #GS2 #GS1

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According to WHO estimates, an estimated 300,000 road-related deaths occur in India annually, contributing to economic costs between 5% and 7% of the national GDP.

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🔆The case for a cast census ✅Four imperatives for a caste Census are: social, legal, administrative, and moral. The article emphasizes that caste remains a foundational social construct in India, affecting marriages, residential segregation, and political choices. ✅Caste-wise data is necessary for effective implementation of reservations in education, public employment, and electoral constituencies. ✅Arguments against a caste Census include it being socially divisive, an administrative nightmare, and potentially fueling increased reservation demands. However, the availability of caste-wise data would curb arbitrary demands #mains

✅India has 63 million micro, small, and medium enterprises, with 20% owned by women, employing 27 million people. Accelerating women’s entrepreneurship could create over 30 million new women-owned enterprises and 150 to 170 million more jobs.

Computer literacy in india need a reboot ✅Computer literacy is crucial as critical services like banking, healthcare, and government functions have become digital. ✅The NSS 78th round of the Multiple Indicator Survey (2020-21) reports an overall computer literacy rate of 24.7% among individuals aged 15 and above. ✅There's a significant disparity in computer literacy; rural areas increased from 11.1% to 18.1%, while urban areas saw a rise from 34.7% to 39.6%. ✅Younger demographics have higher computer literacy rates, peaking at 45.9% for ages 20-24, but it sharply declines to 4.4% for ages 65-69. ✅Economic disparities among states are evident; Kerala has a 72.7% literacy rate among 20-39 year-olds, while Assam has merely 17.6%. ✅Limited infrastructure and qualified teachers in schools and colleges are significant barriers to widespread computer literacy.

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India’s external debt reached $663.8 billion by the end of March 2024, marking a 6% increase (approximately $39.7 billion) compared to March 2023.

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As per the Ministry of Home Affairs, there are more than 40,000 Rohingya in India. Only 14,000 of them hold United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) refugee ID cards, which offers them protection from arbitrary detention.

🔆Rural wage disparities Recent data from the Reserve Bank of India highlights stark differences in rural wages across different states in India, showcasing significant disparities in earnings for farm and non-agricultural workers. ▪️Major Highlights of the Rural Wages Data by RBI? ✅Rural Economic Disruptions: 🔸During the fiscal year 2021-22, the rural economy faced challenges due to the Covid-19 pandemic affecting employment and income levels. 🔸Subsequently, in the fiscal year 2022-23, elevated inflation rates and increased interest rates significantly disrupted rural demand. ✅In case of wages for rural construction workers too, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh stand at opposite ends of the spectrum at Rs 852.5 and Rs 278.7 daily, respectively. ✅National Average Wages: 🔸Agricultural workers: Rs 345.7 🔸Non-agricultural workers: Rs 348 🔸Construction workers: Rs 393.3 ✅Stagnant Rural Income Growth

✅India’s seafood exports touch all-time high by volume in FY 2023-24 ✅India shipped 17,81,602 MT of seafood worth ₹60,523.89 crore (US$7.38 billion) during 2023-24. ✅In 2022-23, India exported 17,35,286 MT of seafood ✅Frozen shrimp remained the major export item in quantity and value, while the USA and China became the major importers of India’s seafood. #mains Join @PIB_UPSC

Indian Railways is one of the largest rail networks in the world, spanning over 67,000 kilometers and connecting every corner of the country. It serves as the lifeline of transportation for millions. There has been an average of 44 consequential train accidents every year in the five-year period ending 2022-23 (FY23).

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🍄 ASEAN is one of the major trade partners of India with a share of 11% in India’s global trade. The bilateral trade stood at USD 122.67 Bn during 2023-24.

Feminization of Agriculture ✅According to the census (2011), there has been a 24% increase in female agricultural labourers between 2001 and 2011. ✅Poverty: Poverty forces females to join the agricultural workforce to contribute to their household income. ✅Wage gap: Women labour are willing to work for low wages. De-potentization: Agrarian distress forced men to shift to non-farm work. ✅Urban Migration: Urban migration of Males also resulted in the Feminization of Agriculture labour.

The World Inequality database found that in 2022-23, 22.6% of the national income went to the top 1%, the highest ever since 1922. Wealth inequality is even more stark with the top 1% population having 40.1% share in wealth.

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India’s Gaming Sector India is the world’s largest mobile gaming market in terms of App downloads. The sector is expected to grow by 20% by FY25 to reach INR 231 Bn. Indian gaming raised $2.8 Bn from domestic/global investors in the last 5 years. India has produced 3 gaming unicorns: Game 24X7, Dream11 and Mobile Premier League. It is widely estimated that AI and online gaming can add up to $300 billion to India’s GDP by 2026-27. Save

Food waste index report 2024 A study jointly authored by UNEP a WRAP highlights, The Households across the world waste 1 billion meals a day while the 783 million suffered with hunger and food insecurity