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Guru Nanak Ji In News 485th Death Anniversary About ▪️Birth : on April 15, 1469, in Rai Bhoi di Talvandi, now Nankana Sahib, Pakistan. ▪️Guru Nanak Dev spread the message of ‘Ek Omkar’ which means that God is one and is present everywhere. ▪️Guru Nanak laid the foundation for the three pillars of Sikhism: Naam Japna (meditating on God's name), Kirat Karni (honest and truthful living), and Vand Chakna (sharing with others, especially those in need). ▪️He was a poet, a mystic, a philosopher, and a singer who denounced ritualism as well as discrimination against women and those of lower socioeconomic status. ▪️Guru Nanak rejected the caste system and promoted the idea of equality among all people, regardless of their background, caste, or gender. ▪️He introduced the concept of "Sangat"(community), where all could come together to worship. ▪️All his teachings are composed together to form the sacred book called Guru Granth Sahib, the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism.

Dialects of Hindi

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🔥Free practice session of Prelims Enabler - Art of Tackling Conceptual Questions in Prelims Date: 22nd Sept at 11:30 AM 👉Free Register Now: https://rb.gy/c0vj6r

UPSC CSE - Mains 2024 GS2 Paper

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UPSC CSE - Mains 2024 GS1 Paper

Archaeological Survey of India celebrates 100 years of declaration of the discovery of the Harappan Civilization today. It was on this day in 1924 that the then Director-General of ASI, Sir John Marshall … brought out the findings from the excavations to the World. This remarkable discovery pushed back the unbroken history and culture of Indian subcontinent by more than 3000 years old. Last 100 years of research have immensely helped in broadening our understanding of one of the oldest Civilizations in the World.

UPSC CSE - Mains 2024 Essay Paper

🔘Gotipua Dance In News Gotipua child artists, who experience the world as their stage and applause as a constant companion, face an uncertain future when they hit puberty. About Gotipua Dance is the majestic folk dance of Orissa which is the precursor to the classical Odissi dance form. In the Orissa language, “Goti” means “single” and “Pua” means “boy”. In these children are trained in singing, dancing, yoga, and acrobatics within gurukuls or akhadas. They dress as girls and perform at temple festivals, social gatherings, and religious ceremonies. In ancient times, the temples of Orissa had female dancers called “Devadasi or Mahari (in Orissa)” who were devoted to Lord Jagannath. During the time of Bhoi king Rama Chandra Dev with the decline of the Mahari dancers, the class of these boy dancers came into existence in Orissa, to carry out the tradition. In its present form, the Gotipua Dance is more precise and systematic in its conception. Its performance includes Vandana (prayer to God, or a guru), Abhinaya (the enactment of a song) and Bandha Nritya (rhythms of acrobatic postures). Bandha Nritya is a demonstration of physical prowess requiring great agility and flexibility. Preferably performed in adolescence, with age, this dance form becomes increasingly difficult to execute. The dancers make extensive use of their hands and feet. Musical accompaniment to the Gotipua Dance is provided by the Mardala (a pakhawaj), Gini (small cymbals), harmonium, violin and flute

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The Rich Tapestry of India's Handlooms

🌟 New Launch Alert for UPSC Aspirants! 🌟 Wiley brings you "A Journey through Indian Art & Culture" by renowned authors Neeraj Rao and Anutosh. 🎨📚 ✔️ Available now on Amazon and all major online & offline bookstores. ✔️ Get FREE PDF resources on Wiley’s website for additional prep. ✔️ Check out informative videos on the YouTube channel Culture Quantum to deepen your knowledge of Indian Art & Culture. Stay ahead in your preparation with expert guidance! 🎯 🔗 Buy Now: https://amzn.to/3zxgI4v #UPSC #IndianArtAndCulture #NeerajRao #UPSCPrep #WileyIndia #CultureQuantum

🛑𝗧𝗮𝘅𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝗺𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 🔸𝑮𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒊 𝑮𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒊 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒙 𝒐𝒏 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒔. 𝑰𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒖𝒅𝒅𝒊𝒏 𝑲𝒉𝒊𝒍𝒋𝒊. 🔸𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒉 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒙 𝒐𝒏 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒛𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒔. 𝑰𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒖𝒅𝒅𝒊𝒏 𝑲𝒉𝒊𝒍𝒋𝒊. 🔸𝑲𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒂𝒋 𝑲𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒂𝒋 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒙 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒐 𝒏𝒐𝒏-𝑴𝒖𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒔. 𝑰𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝑭𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒛 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒉 𝑻𝒖𝒈𝒉𝒍𝒂𝒒. 🔸𝑼𝒔𝒉𝒓𝒂𝒇 𝑼𝒔𝒉𝒓𝒂𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒙 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒐 𝑴𝒖𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒔. 🔸𝒁𝒂𝒌𝒂𝒕/𝑺𝒂𝒅𝒌𝒂 𝒁𝒂𝒌𝒂𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒕𝒂𝒙 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝑴𝒖𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒔. 𝑰𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒌𝒆𝒑𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑫𝒊𝒘𝒂𝒏-𝒊-𝑹𝒂𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒌𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒓-𝒊-𝑴𝒖𝒍𝒌. 🔸𝑱𝒊𝒛𝒚𝒂 𝑱𝒊𝒛𝒚𝒂 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒙 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒏𝒐𝒏-𝑴𝒖𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒏𝒐𝒏-𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒎. 🔸𝑲𝒉𝒖𝒎𝒔 𝑲𝒉𝒖𝒎𝒔 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒙 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒔 1⁄5 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 (20%) 𝒊𝒇 𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒐𝒏'𝒔 𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒏𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒓 𝒇𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒚. 🔸𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒃 𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒃 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒃 𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒃 𝒘𝒂𝒔 1⁄10 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒑 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒚 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔. 𝑰𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝑭𝒊𝒓𝒖𝒛 𝑻𝒖𝒈𝒉𝒍𝒂𝒒. 🔸𝑽𝒊𝒋𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒆 𝑰𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑽𝒊𝒋𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒆, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒆 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝑨𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒗𝒆. 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑽𝒊𝒋𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒙𝒆𝒔 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒊𝒍 𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒔. 𝑻𝒂𝒙 𝒐𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒔 1⁄6 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕. 𝑰𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒅 𝒆𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒔 𝒐𝒓 𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒚. 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒗𝒚 𝒕𝒂𝒙𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏. 𝑻𝒖𝒓𝒌𝒊𝒄 𝒔𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑯𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒇𝒊 𝑺𝒄𝒉𝒐𝒐𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒄 𝒋𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒓𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒓 𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒚. 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒔 𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒉𝒊𝒎 𝑳𝒐𝒅𝒉𝒊. 𝑰𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑽𝒊𝒋𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒓 𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒈𝒐𝒐𝒅𝒔 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐 𝒍𝒐𝒘. 🔸𝒁𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒃 𝒁𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒃 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝑴𝒖𝒓𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒅 𝑸𝒖𝒍𝒊 𝑲𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒃𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒂. 𝑰𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒔 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒑 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏. 𝑰𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎. 🔸𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒖𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒉𝒎𝒖𝒌𝒉𝒊 𝑺𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒋𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒙𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒚. 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒖𝒕𝒉...' 𝒘𝒂𝒔 1⁄4 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝑴𝒖𝒈𝒉𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒓𝒔. 𝑰𝒏 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒔, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒉𝒎𝒖𝒌𝒊 𝒘𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒆𝒏 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒂𝒙.

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Folk Dance Map of India

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Indigenous India

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🔘Gotipua Dance In News Gotipua child artists, who experience the world as their stage and applause as a constant companion, face an uncertain future when they hit puberty. About Gotipua Dance is the majestic folk dance of Orissa which is the precursor to the classical Odissi dance form. In the Orissa language, “Goti” means “single” and “Pua” means “boy”. In these children are trained in singing, dancing, yoga, and acrobatics within gurukuls or akhadas. They dress as girls and perform at temple festivals, social gatherings, and religious ceremonies. In ancient times, the temples of Orissa had female dancers called “Devadasi or Mahari (in Orissa)” who were devoted to Lord Jagannath. During the time of Bhoi king Rama Chandra Dev with the decline of the Mahari dancers, the class of these boy dancers came into existence in Orissa, to carry out the tradition. In its present form, the Gotipua Dance is more precise and systematic in its conception. Its performance includes Vandana (prayer to God, or a guru), Abhinaya (the enactment of a song) and Bandha Nritya (rhythms of acrobatic postures). Bandha Nritya is a demonstration of physical prowess requiring great agility and flexibility. Preferably performed in adolescence, with age, this dance form becomes increasingly difficult to execute. The dancers make extensive use of their hands and feet. Musical accompaniment to the Gotipua Dance is provided by the Mardala (a pakhawaj), Gini (small cymbals), harmonium, violin and flute

Dialects of Hindi

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🔘Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) ▪️ Some tribes are identified as PVTGs due to their higher vulnerability among tribal groups, previously classified as primitive tribal groups. ▪️Total Groups: 76 tribal groups designated as Special Backward Tribes by the Government of India. Odisha highest number of PVTGs Most Vulnerable Groups: ✔️ Shompen Sentinelese ✔️ Jarawas of Andaman and Nicobar ✔️ Bonda of Odisha ✔️ Chola Naikkan of Kerala ✔️ Abuj Madia of Chhattisgarh ✔️ Birhors of Jharkhand ✔️PVTGs have some basic characteristics - they are mostly homogenous, with a small population, relatively physically isolated, social institutes cast in a simple mould, absence of written language, relatively simple technology and a slower rate of change etc. ✔️ The Government of India follows the following criteria for identification of PVTGs: i. Pre-agricultural level of technology ii. Low level of literacy iii. Economic backwardness iv. A declining or stagnant population - Historical Context: ✔️Dhebar Commission (1973) introduced the category of Primitive Tribe, renamed to PVTG in 2006. ✔️Forest Rights Law grants habitat area rights to these tribes by the Central Government. ✔️In 2003, a committee chaired by Professor Virginia Xaxa advocated for PVTG habitat rights, based on the recommendation of the Student Task Force.

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The New Year Map of India

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🔘Purandar Figs In News The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) recently facilitated the export of India’s first ready-to-drink fig juice, made from geographical indication (GI)-tagged Purandar figs, to Poland. About Purandar’s figs, known to be one of India’s finest figs, are a GI commodity, known for their sweet taste, size, and nutritional benefits. It is cultivated in many villages of Purandar taluk in Pune district, Maharashtra. The agro-climatic factors such as dry weather, hilly slopes, well drained medium land are essential for Purandar Fig cultivation. Purandar has red and black soil that has high Calcium and Potassium content, which is responsible for the violet colour and size of the fig. It was awarded the GI Tag in 2016. Purandar fig is bell-shaped, larger in size than other varieties, and has a distinctive violet skin colour that differentiates itself from other varieties.

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🔘Ramappa Temple In News President of India lays the Foundation Stone for the Development of Pilgrimage Infrastructure at Ramappa Temple. About ◾️Ramappa Temple, also known as the Rudreshwara temple, is a Kakatiya style Hindu temple dedicated to the god Shiva, located in Telangana. ◾️There medieval Deccan Ramappa Temple which dates back to 1213 AD, was built by the patronage of the Kakatiya ruler Kakati Ganapathi Deva under the authority of his Chief Commander Rudra Samani. ◾️The temple got its name Ramappa because of its chief sculptor Ramappa. ◾️Ramappa Temple is probably the only temple in India that is named after the architect. ◾️In 2021, the temple was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as “Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana”.

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Indigenous India

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🔘Lanjia Saura Paintings The Paintings recently got GI tag, ▪️Lanjia Saura paintings, also known as ekons or iditals, are a unique style of wall mural art from Odisha. ▪️The art form belongs to the Lanjia Saura community, a PVTG largely residing in the Rayagada district.

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𝖫𝗂𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖾 𝖽𝗎𝗋𝗂𝗇𝗀 𝗍𝗁𝖾 𝖯𝗈𝗌𝗍-𝖦𝗎𝗉𝗍𝖺 𝗉𝖾𝗋𝗂𝗈𝖽 (𝟨𝟢𝟢-𝟣𝟤𝟢𝟢 𝖢𝖤): Aᴜᴛʜᴏʀꜱ ᴀɴᴅ Tʜᴇɪʀ Wᴏʀᴋꜱ 1. Harshavardhana (606-647 CE) - Nagananda - Ratnavali - Priyadarsika 2. Banabhatta (7th century CE) - Harshacharita (biography of Harshavardhana) 3. Bhavabhuti (8th century CE) - Malati Madhava - Uttararamacharita 4. Mahendravarman I (600-630 CE) - Mattavilasa Prahasana (in Sanskrit) 5. Kavirajamarga (9th century CE) - (a treatise on poetics) 6. Pampa (10th century CE) - Pampa Bharata 7. Rajashekhara (10th century CE) - Karpuramanjari 8. Bilhana (11th century CE) - Vikramankadeva charita 9. Kalhana (12th century CE) - Rajatarangini (a historical chronicle) 10. Hemachandra (12th century CE) - Parishishtaparvan 11. Chand Bardai (12th century CE) - Prithviraj Raso 12. Sandhyakar Nandi (NaN CE) - Ramacharitam Dʏɴᴀꜱᴛɪᴇꜱ ᴀɴᴅ Tʜᴇɪʀ Nᴏᴛᴀʙʟᴇ Lɪᴛᴇʀᴀʀʏ Wᴏʀᴋꜱ 1. Pallavas - Mattavilasa Prahasana (Mahendravarman I) 2. Rashtrakutas - Kavirajamarga - Pampa Bharata 3. Gurjara Pratihara - Karpuramanjari (Rajashekhara) 4. Western Chalukyas - Vikramankadeva charita (Bilhana) 5. Kashmir - Rajatarangini (Kalhana) 6. Solankis - Parishishtaparvan (Hemachandra) 7. Chauhans - Prithviraj Raso (Chand Bardai) 8. Pala Empire - Ramacharitam (Sandhyakar Nandi)

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🔘HOYSALA ART : ▪️In the region of Karnataka (near Mysore), the temples built under the Hoysala rulers developed a distinct style of their own known as the Hoysala School of art. ▪️It developed in the period from 1050-1300 AD with the prominent seats being Belur, Halebidu and Sringeri. Some of the features of the architecture are: ▪️ Multiple shrines were built around a central pillared hall. ▪️ Unlike the crucified ground plan of the Panchayatan style, the shrines led out in the shape of an intricately designed star. This was known as the Stellate plan. ▪️Soft soapstone (Chorite schist) was the main building material.

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🔘The Mathura School of Art ▪️The Mathura School of Art was entirely influenced by Indianism. ▪️ The stone used in the Mathura school of arts was red sandstone. ▪️ The sculptures were less spiritual. ▪️They mostly used the spotted red sandstone for making sculptures and statues.

🔘Mushk Budiji Rice In News Mushk budiji Rice is short, bold aromatic rice grown in the higher reaches of Kashmir valley. About ▪️ It possesses a harmonious blend of taste, aroma and rich organoleptic properties. ▪️ It is mainly grown in areas of Sagam, Panzgam and Soaf Shali of district Anantnag. ▪️ The consumption of aromatic rice in Kashmir has now been limited to special occasions, marriages and festivals. It has received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. ▪️ Scientists conduct a study of selected locations on the flavour profile of mushk budiji using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and an ‘electronic nose’.” ▪️ Based on these studies, the scientists identified 35 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in mushk budiji rice samples. ▪️ Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is a known aromatic compound found in some varieties but it was present only in mushk budiji samples collected from higher altitudes.

India is hosting the 46th session of the World Heritage Committee Meeting in New Delhi this year ▪️ The event brings together delegates from across the globe to discuss and collaborate on preserving cultural, natural, and mixed heritage ▪️ As of July 2024, a total of 1,199 World Heritage Sites (933 cultural, 227 natural, and 39 mixed properties) exist across 168 countries ▪️ India has 42 world heritage sites, out of which 34 are cultural, 7 are natural sites and 1 mixed category. The first site listed as a World Heritage site in India was Agra Fort (1983)

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Intangible Cultural Heritage of India: Beyond Monuments and Landscapes The term ‘cultural heritage’ has changed content considerably in recent decades, partially owing to the instruments developed by UNESCO. Cultural heritage does not end at monuments and collections of objects. It also includes traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants, such as oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe or the knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts

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The Sohagura copper plate inscription was found in Gorakhpur district, UP. The inscription is in Brahmi & was written around 250 BCE. The text mentions the establishment of two grain deposits to fight against famine. It is the oldest copper plate inscription known in India.

Buddhism

Jyotirlingas In India

Bagata Community

Geo Heritage Sites of India

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Ramayana Circuit

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9 tigers from 9 different Indian folk art forms preserving 9 age-old ways of looking at and living with the tigers.

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🔘Thanjavur Veena In News Thanjavur Veena is the first musical instrument in the country to get the Geographical Indication (GI) tag. About The Thanjavur veena is an Indian instrument and has an interesting construction. They are of two types viz. the “Ekantha Veena” and “Sada Veena’. “Ekantha Veena” is carved from a single block of wood, while “Sada Veena” has joints and is carved in three sections namely resonator, neck and head. The veena has 24 fixed frets (Mettu) so that all ragas can be played. It is made of fresh bark from a Jack Fruit Tree. The tree bark is forced to undergo several rounds of testing before being finalized for usage. The work involves making the resonator ( kudam), the neck ( dandi) and a tuning box — the three integral parts of a veena. It takes up to 15-20 days, to get the finished product. The wood gets cut, intricately carved, shaped, and assembled.

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🔘Ottan Thullal About ◾️Ottan Thullal is a recite-and-dance art form of Kerala, India. ◾️It was introduced in the eighteenth century by Kunchan Nambiar, one of the Prachina Kavithrayam ◾️Seen at temple festivals and cultural programs, these performances use elaborate expressions and stories recited in verses to bring important mythological tales and stories to life. ◾️It is epitomized by humor, satire, and social criticism. ◾️The costume and makeup of the performer are similar to that of a Kathakali artist. ◾️The thullal performer is supported by a singer who repeats the verses and is accompanied by an orchestra of mridangam or thoppimaddalam (percussions) and cymbals. ◾️It has spawned into three separate versions which include- Ottanthullal, Seethankan thullal and Parayan thullal.

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#Culture 🔘Charaideo Maidam of Ahom Kingdom In News The Central Government has decided to send a proposal to UNESCO nominating Charaideo Maidam of Ahom Kingdom as a World Heritage Site. About ◾️Charaideo commonly known as ‘Pyramids of Assam’ was the original capital of the Ahom Kings. ◾️Charaideo remained the symbolic center of Ahom Kingdom even though the capital of the kingdom moved many times. ◾️It was built by Chaolung Sukhapa the founder of the dynasty in about 1229 CE. ◾️Located at the foothills of Nagaland, it’s situated at a distance of around 30 KM from the historical Sivsagar town in Assam. ◾️Charaideo known as ‘Pyramids of Assam’ contains sacred burial grounds of Ahom kings and queens and is also the place of the ancestral Gods of the Ahoms. ◾️Some 42 tombs (Maidams) of Ahom kings and queens are present at Charaideo hillocks. ◾️It comprises a massive underground vault with one or more chambers having domical superstructure and covered by a heap of earthen mound .

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