🔆Extreme Weather Events
✅Over 80% of India's population is exposed to risks from extreme weather events like floods, droughts, cyclones etc.
✅ India lost an estimated $79 billion, equal to 2% of GDP, due to climate-related disasters in 2018.
✅ Extreme weather caused over 2,000 deaths in India in 2021 alone. Impacts include irreversible ecosystem loss, infrastructure damage, reduced food and water security, spread of diseases etc.
✅ Early warning systems, climate-resilient infrastructure, risk-informed planning and social protection schemes are crucial adaptation measures.
Sea Level Rise :
✅Global sea levels rose at an average rate of 4.5 mm per year between 2013-2022 as per the WMO.
✅ Sea levels could rise up to 0.45 m by 2100 if emissions are not cut, severely affecting coastal regions.
✅ India, Bangladesh, China and the Netherlands are among the most vulnerable countries to sea level rise.
✅ Over 40 million Indians could be at risk from coastal flooding by 2050 according to IPCC estimates.
✅ Sea level rise can increase storm surges, coastal erosion, habitat destruction and groundwater salinization.
✅ Preparedness through early warning systems, coastal afforestation, regulating groundwater extraction are key response measures.
Ozone Hole:
✅ First spotted over Antarctica in 1985, the ozone hole was found to be caused by ozone-depleting CFCs.
✅ An Arctic ozone hole also started appearing over the North Pole in 2011, threatening to affect parts of northern Europe and Asia.
✅ The Antarctic ozone hole reaches its maximum annual size around September-October before dissipating in November-December.
✅ The 1987 Montreal Protocol led to a ban on CFCs and the Antarctic ozone hole has slowly started shrinking since 2000.
✅ But full recovery will likely take many decades and continued monitoring is essential to track ozone layer healing.
Addressing these and other climate change impacts requires urgent mitigation action to control emissions combined with stepping up investments in adaptation and resilience globally.
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