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Neurocysticercosis❓
🧠 Definition
Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by the larval form of the tapeworm Taenia solium.
It primarily affects the brain, but can also involve the spinal cord, eyes, and muscles.
🌍 Epidemiology
This condition is most common in areas with poor sanitation and where pig farming is prevalent.
It is a major cause of acquired epilepsy in many developing countries, especially in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
🐖 Transmission
Humans become infected by ingesting T. solium eggs through contaminated food or water.
Pigs are the intermediate hosts, and humans can also become intermediate hosts if they ingest the eggs.
🧬 Pathophysiology
Once inside the human body, the eggs hatch and the larvae migrate to various tissues, particularly the brain.
The larvae form cysts in the brain, which lead to inflammation, seizures, and other neurological symptoms.
💡 Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the location and number of cysts but commonly include seizures, headaches, and confusion.
Other possible symptoms include visual disturbances, hydrocephalus, and increased intracranial pressure.
🩺 Diagnosis
Neurocysticercosis is typically diagnosed through neuroimaging techniques like CT or MRI scans, which reveal cysts in the brain.
Serological tests can also be used to detect antibodies against T. solium.
💊 Treatment
Treatment usually involves antiparasitic medications like albendazole or praziquantel to kill the larvae.
Anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids are often prescribed to reduce inflammation caused by dying cysts.
Seizure management with anticonvulsants is also a key component of treatment.
🔍 Prevention
Prevention focuses on improved sanitation, proper handwashing, and ensuring that pork is cooked thoroughly to kill T. solium eggs.
Public health measures to control pig farming practices and sanitation are crucial in reducing transmission.
🌐 Reference ➡️ Cleveland clinic
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